Propoxur-d3 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of propoxur (Item No. 25628) by GC- or LC-MS. Propoxur is a carbamate insecticide, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 4.3 µM), and an antagonist of α4β4 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (IC50 = 165 µM for the rat receptor).1,2 It is lethal to German cockroaches (B. germanica) with LD50 values of 2.45, 4.73, and 1.06 μg per insect for newly emerged males, newly emerged females, and 4-week-old nymphs, respectively. Propoxur induces lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from, and inhibits the growth of, flounder gill cells (IC50s = 86.59 and 89.96 μg/ml, respectively) via induction of necrosis.3 It also induces yolk sac and pericardial edema in zebrafish embryos when used at concentrations of 100 and 200 μg/ml. Propoxur (8.3 mg/kg) inhibits rat blood and brain cholinesterase, decreases ambulation and rearing in an open field test, and increases latency to escape foot shock after an audio stimulus in the two-way active avoidance box in rats.4 Formulations containing propoxur have been used in the control of insects in agriculture, as well as residential areas.
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